Labels and Filling Guide
How to Read a Wine Label: Mandatory TTB Fields, Appellation & ABV Tolerances
Learn how to read a wine label: find the brand and type, check appellation wording, compare alcohol tolerances, and decode estate bottled.
Independent Wine Knowledge Guide
Koeppel on Wine
Wine explained from vine to bottle: varieties, aging, closures, labels and what happens on the bottling line.
KNOWLEDGE GRAPH
Explore by Topic
VARIETIES & STYLES
Wine Explained
Grape varieties, styles, tannins, acidity, and aging, explained clearly without tasting-note jargon.
Explore Guides →SEALING SCIENCEBottling & Closures
Corks, synthetic stoppers, screw caps, oxygen management, and sealing mechanics on the line.
Explore Guides →WINERY OPERATIONSLabels & Filling
Wine label rules, mandatory statements, and the filling and labelling steps at a winery.
Explore Guides →FEATURED EXPLAINER
Fresh This Week
KNOWLEDGE ARCHIVE
View All Guides →Latest Articles
Bottling and Closures
Wine Bottle Caps: Saranex vs a Tin Liner
AWRI prints overlapping oxygen ranges for Saran Tin and Saranex. The endpoint ratio of those ranges is 2, so one liner is not ten times the other on every cap.
Bottling and Closures
How Long Does Wine Last After Opening? A Guide by Style
Opened wine has no single countdown: compare source-backed storage windows for sparkling, white, lighter red and fortified wines, with the conditions each requires.
Wine Explained
Wine Bottle Sizes Chart: Split to Nebuchadnezzar and Beyond
Compare wine bottle sizes by volume and standard-bottle equivalents, with Champagne names, US fill standards and checks for confusing formats.
Bottling and Closures
Can Screw Cap Wine Be Corked? TCA Sources Beyond the Cork
Yes, screw-cap wine can smell corked. Learn how TCA and TBA enter wine via oak barrels, chlorine sanitizers, water, or additives—and how to tell taint from reduction.
Bottling and Closures
Cold Stabilization in Wine: What It Can and Cannot Prevent
Cold stabilization targets potassium bitartrate crystals before bottling. See the cellar sequence, what a stability test means and which problems need separate checks.
Wine Explained
What Is Wine Sediment Made Of? Crystals, Pigments and Lees
Wine sediment can contain tartrate crystals, pigments, tannins or yeast-containing lees. Compare the groups and the limits of identifying them by appearance.